Thank you all for your expertise and Pauls9 for a comprehensible roundup.
Though I know at least a little about electronics, I simply have no equipment
to measure anything at all. But that's all good news you bring:
So the camera does supply a minimum amount of voltage to the USB port
in order to establish a data transfer. But it can't power any devices itself,
just like a Bluetooth stick plugged into the camera.
I assume this wouldn't work. But could this Bluetooth device (with USB profile)
get externally powered by a battery pack, perhaps? Some kind of USB double-plug
between camera and Bluetooth device would feed in current.