What is the lowest voltage that the cam considers as "USB is connected"?
"USB connect" toggles between 4.1 and 4.2 volts. There does not appear to be any hysteresis.
Is the current draw software controlled? Does it make a difference when the USB sense bit is overridden in the keyboard task?
With just the remote 5V and ground connected, the camera draws about 4 mA when USB remote is disabled and 1.7 mA when it is enabled. There is a slight ( 1/2 second ) delay after USB remote is disabled before the current goes back to 4 mA.
Does the current draw depend on the voltage?
Not on the tests done so far - changing between 4V & 5V does not change the current draw.
Note that the camera will not start charging (regardless of being on or off) when 5V is applied across the USB power pins. There appears to be some signalling needed - probably resistors arranged across the D+ and D- lines the way the Apple chargers work ( or simply a few hundred ohms between D+ and D- for Samsung and other devices).
I have yet to figure out what it takes to get the camera to go into charging mode. But at one point in my experimenting it did ( yellow charge led on ) and drew about 40 mA in that state.
Edit : I also appear to have something wrong in the boot.c code. Powershot N power management is likely different than other cameras - it won't start in (or go onto) shooting mode if USB power is connected. The camera starts normally (without CHDK enabled) while the USB charger is plugged in. When attempting to autoboot (SD card door open) with the charger connected, the boot strap LED flash sequence occurs but CHDK does not start. Trying a firmware update in this mode also fails to start.
Also, the USB charge light on the camera never comes on when the N is plugged into my Linux box. I have the USB configured to ignore the N so that chdkptp can grab it. Perhaps the camera notices that and won't go into high current charging mode.