You can probably find the maximum from Canon's website, it will likely be something like 1/1250 s. Why do you want to show aperture when you camera doesn't have an iris and only zoom affects aperture? To see when the ND filter is active?
Canon's autoexposure will not know that CHDK has been set to disregard Canon's autoselection of ND, that's why your camera overexposed.
To fix exposure, you must either also override Tv, or set a strong enough exposure compensation (via propcases -4 stops should be possible even thought normal limit is -2) to fix it.