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Whoa! ****MAJOR**** High-Speed Shutter-Speed Discovery!

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Offline GrAnd

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Re: Whoa! ****MAJOR**** High-Speed Shutter-Speed Discovery!
« Reply #70 on: 04 / December / 2007, 08:16:15 »
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Quote from: Woodsman on 04 / December / 2007, 07:56:03
Hmm... then again ... a power function *could* be written more simply as an integer math subroutine ... or not.  I have vague memories from high-school on how that was done.  :lol
Yeah. Like this :lol :
Code: [Select]
/* A union which permits us to convert between a float and a 32 bit
   int.  */

typedef union
{
  float value;
  unsigned int word;
} ieee_float_shape_type;

/* Get a 32 bit int from a float.  */

#define GET_FLOAT_WORD(i,d) \
do { \
  ieee_float_shape_type gf_u; \
  gf_u.value = (d); \
  (i) = gf_u.word; \
} while (0)

/* Set a float from a 32 bit int.  */

#define SET_FLOAT_WORD(d,i) \
do { \
  ieee_float_shape_type sf_u; \
  sf_u.word = (i); \
  (d) = sf_u.value; \
} while (0)

#define FLT_UWORD_IS_ZERO(x) ((x)==0)
#define FLT_UWORD_IS_NAN(x) ((x)>0x7f800000L)
#define FLT_UWORD_IS_INFINITE(x) ((x)==0x7f800000L)
#define FLT_UWORD_IS_SUBNORMAL(x) ((x)<0x00800000L)
#define FLT_UWORD_EXP_MIN 0x43160000
#define FLT_UWORD_LOG_MIN 0x42cff1b5



static const float
bp[] = {1.0, 1.5,},
dp_h[] = { 0.0, 5.84960938e-01,}, /* 0x3f15c000 */
dp_l[] = { 0.0, 1.56322085e-06,}, /* 0x35d1cfdc */
zero    =  0.0,
one =  1.0,
two =  2.0,
two24 =  16777216.0, /* 0x4b800000 */
huge =  1.0e30,
tiny    =  1.0e-30,
/* poly coefs for (3/2)*(log(x)-2s-2/3*s**3 */
L1  =  6.0000002384e-01, /* 0x3f19999a */
L2  =  4.2857143283e-01, /* 0x3edb6db7 */
L3  =  3.3333334327e-01, /* 0x3eaaaaab */
L4  =  2.7272811532e-01, /* 0x3e8ba305 */
L5  =  2.3066075146e-01, /* 0x3e6c3255 */
L6  =  2.0697501302e-01, /* 0x3e53f142 */
P1   =  1.6666667163e-01, /* 0x3e2aaaab */
P2   = -2.7777778450e-03, /* 0xbb360b61 */
P3   =  6.6137559770e-05, /* 0x388ab355 */
P4   = -1.6533901999e-06, /* 0xb5ddea0e */
P5   =  4.1381369442e-08, /* 0x3331bb4c */
lg2  =  6.9314718246e-01, /* 0x3f317218 */
lg2_h  =  6.93145752e-01, /* 0x3f317200 */
lg2_l  =  1.42860654e-06, /* 0x35bfbe8c */
ovt =  4.2995665694e-08, /* -(128-log2(ovfl+.5ulp)) */
cp    =  9.6179670095e-01, /* 0x3f76384f =2/(3ln2) */
cp_h  =  9.6179199219e-01, /* 0x3f763800 =head of cp */
cp_l  =  4.7017383622e-06, /* 0x369dc3a0 =tail of cp_h */
ivln2    =  1.4426950216e+00, /* 0x3fb8aa3b =1/ln2 */
ivln2_h  =  1.4426879883e+00, /* 0x3fb8aa00 =16b 1/ln2*/
ivln2_l  =  7.0526075433e-06; /* 0x36eca570 =1/ln2 tail*/

float powf(float x, float y)
{
float z,ax,z_h,z_l,p_h,p_l;
float y1,t1,t2,r,s,t,u,v,w;
int i,j,k,yisint,n;
int hx,hy,ix,iy,is;

GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hy,y);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;  iy = hy&0x7fffffff;

    /* y==zero: x**0 = 1 */
if(FLT_UWORD_IS_ZERO(iy)) return one;

    /* +-NaN return x+y */
if(FLT_UWORD_IS_NAN(ix) ||
   FLT_UWORD_IS_NAN(iy))
return x+y;

    /* determine if y is an odd int when x < 0
     * yisint = 0 ... y is not an integer
     * yisint = 1 ... y is an odd int
     * yisint = 2 ... y is an even int
     */
yisint  = 0;
if(hx<0) {
    if(iy>=0x4b800000) yisint = 2; /* even integer y */
    else if(iy>=0x3f800000) {
k = (iy>>23)-0x7f;    /* exponent */
j = iy>>(23-k);
if((j<<(23-k))==iy) yisint = 2-(j&1);
    }
}

    /* special value of y */
if (FLT_UWORD_IS_INFINITE(iy)) { /* y is +-inf */
    if (ix==0x3f800000)
        return  y - y; /* inf**+-1 is NaN */
    else if (ix > 0x3f800000)/* (|x|>1)**+-inf = inf,0 */
        return (hy>=0)? y: zero;
    else /* (|x|<1)**-,+inf = inf,0 */
        return (hy<0)?-y: zero;
}
if(iy==0x3f800000) { /* y is  +-1 */
    if(hy<0) return one/x; else return x;
}
if(hy==0x40000000) return x*x; /* y is  2 */
if(hy==0x3f000000) { /* y is  0.5 */
    if(hx>=0) /* x >= +0 */
    return sqrtf(x);
}

ax   = fabsf(x);
    /* special value of x */
if(FLT_UWORD_IS_INFINITE(ix)||FLT_UWORD_IS_ZERO(ix)||ix==0x3f800000){
    z = ax; /*x is +-0,+-inf,+-1*/
    if(hy<0) z = one/z; /* z = (1/|x|) */
    if(hx<0) {
if(((ix-0x3f800000)|yisint)==0) {
    z = (z-z)/(z-z); /* (-1)**non-int is NaN */
} else if(yisint==1)
    z = -z; /* (x<0)**odd = -(|x|**odd) */
    }
    return z;
}
   
    /* (x<0)**(non-int) is NaN */
if(((((unsigned int)hx>>31)-1)|yisint)==0) return (x-x)/(x-x);

    /* |y| is huge */
if(iy>0x4d000000) { /* if |y| > 2**27 */
/* over/underflow if x is not close to one */
    if(ix<0x3f7ffff8) return (hy<0)? huge*huge:tiny*tiny;
    if(ix>0x3f800007) return (hy>0)? huge*huge:tiny*tiny;
/* now |1-x| is tiny <= 2**-20, suffice to compute
   log(x) by x-x^2/2+x^3/3-x^4/4 */
    t = x-1; /* t has 20 trailing zeros */
    w = (t*t)*((float)0.5-t*((float)0.333333333333-t*(float)0.25));
    u = ivln2_h*t; /* ivln2_h has 16 sig. bits */
    v = t*ivln2_l-w*ivln2;
    t1 = u+v;
    GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,t1);
    SET_FLOAT_WORD(t1,is&0xfffff000);
    t2 = v-(t1-u);
} else {
    float s2,s_h,s_l,t_h,t_l;
    n = 0;
/* take care subnormal number */
    if(FLT_UWORD_IS_SUBNORMAL(ix))
{ax *= two24; n -= 24; GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,ax); }
    n  += ((ix)>>23)-0x7f;
    j  = ix&0x007fffff;
/* determine interval */
    ix = j|0x3f800000; /* normalize ix */
    if(j<=0x1cc471) k=0; /* |x|<sqrt(3/2) */
    else if(j<0x5db3d7) k=1; /* |x|<sqrt(3)   */
    else {k=0;n+=1;ix -= 0x00800000;}
    SET_FLOAT_WORD(ax,ix);

/* compute s = s_h+s_l = (x-1)/(x+1) or (x-1.5)/(x+1.5) */
    u = ax-bp[k]; /* bp[0]=1.0, bp[1]=1.5 */
    v = one/(ax+bp[k]);
    s = u*v;
    s_h = s;
    GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,s_h);
    SET_FLOAT_WORD(s_h,is&0xfffff000);
/* t_h=ax+bp[k] High */
    SET_FLOAT_WORD(t_h,((ix>>1)|0x20000000)+0x0040000+(k<<21));
    t_l = ax - (t_h-bp[k]);
    s_l = v*((u-s_h*t_h)-s_h*t_l);
/* compute log(ax) */
    s2 = s*s;
    r = s2*s2*(L1+s2*(L2+s2*(L3+s2*(L4+s2*(L5+s2*L6)))));
    r += s_l*(s_h+s);
    s2  = s_h*s_h;
    t_h = (float)3.0+s2+r;
    GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,t_h);
    SET_FLOAT_WORD(t_h,is&0xfffff000);
    t_l = r-((t_h-(float)3.0)-s2);
/* u+v = s*(1+...) */
    u = s_h*t_h;
    v = s_l*t_h+t_l*s;
/* 2/(3log2)*(s+...) */
    p_h = u+v;
    GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,p_h);
    SET_FLOAT_WORD(p_h,is&0xfffff000);
    p_l = v-(p_h-u);
    z_h = cp_h*p_h; /* cp_h+cp_l = 2/(3*log2) */
    z_l = cp_l*p_h+p_l*cp+dp_l[k];
/* log2(ax) = (s+..)*2/(3*log2) = n + dp_h + z_h + z_l */
    t = (float)n;
    t1 = (((z_h+z_l)+dp_h[k])+t);
    GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,t1);
    SET_FLOAT_WORD(t1,is&0xfffff000);
    t2 = z_l-(((t1-t)-dp_h[k])-z_h);
}

s = one; /* s (sign of result -ve**odd) = -1 else = 1 */
if(((((unsigned int)hx>>31)-1)|(yisint-1))==0)
    s = -one; /* (-ve)**(odd int) */

    /* split up y into y1+y2 and compute (y1+y2)*(t1+t2) */
GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,y);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(y1,is&0xfffff000);
p_l = (y-y1)*t1+y*t2;
p_h = y1*t1;
z = p_l+p_h;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(j,z);
i = j&0x7fffffff;
if (j>0) {
    if (i>FLT_UWORD_EXP_MAX)
        return s*huge*huge; /* overflow */
    else if (i==FLT_UWORD_EXP_MAX)
        if(p_l+ovt>z-p_h) return s*huge*huge; /* overflow */
        } else {
    if (i>FLT_UWORD_EXP_MIN)
        return s*tiny*tiny; /* underflow */
    else if (i==FLT_UWORD_EXP_MIN)
        if(p_l<=z-p_h) return s*tiny*tiny; /* underflow */
}
    /*
     * compute 2**(p_h+p_l)
     */
k = (i>>23)-0x7f;
n = 0;
if(i>0x3f000000) { /* if |z| > 0.5, set n = [z+0.5] */
    n = j+(0x00800000>>(k+1));
    k = ((n&0x7fffffff)>>23)-0x7f; /* new k for n */
    SET_FLOAT_WORD(t,n&~(0x007fffff>>k));
    n = ((n&0x007fffff)|0x00800000)>>(23-k);
    if(j<0) n = -n;
    p_h -= t;
}
t = p_l+p_h;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,t);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t,is&0xfffff000);
u = t*lg2_h;
v = (p_l-(t-p_h))*lg2+t*lg2_l;
z = u+v;
w = v-(z-u);
t  = z*z;
t1  = z - t*(P1+t*(P2+t*(P3+t*(P4+t*P5))));
r  = (z*t1)/(t1-two)-(w+z*w);
z  = one-(r-z);
GET_FLOAT_WORD(j,z);
j += (n<<23);
if((j>>23)<=0) z = scalbnf(z,(int)n); /* subnormal output */
else SET_FLOAT_WORD(z,j);
return s*z;
}
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Offline dudleydocker

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Re: Whoa! ****MAJOR**** High-Speed Shutter-Speed Discovery!
« Reply #71 on: 04 / December / 2007, 14:31:51 »
This won't help any with the calibration efforts, but I snapped this hummingbird at CHDK 1/8000, f3.5, ISO 400, full zoom with NO flash, Canon S2 IS. I think it demonstrates the potential of the high-speed shutter. Thanks again to the developers and explorers!
dd

edit to add: cropped it a bit to comply with attachment size, now appears the rules have changed......
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Offline neilp1

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Re: Whoa! ****MAJOR**** High-Speed Shutter-Speed Discovery!
« Reply #72 on: 04 / December / 2007, 16:19:20 »
Quote from: dudleydocker on 04 / December / 2007, 14:31:51
This won't help any with the calibration efforts, but I snapped this hummingbird at CHDK 1/8000, f3.5, ISO 400, full zoom with NO flash, Canon S2 IS. I think it demonstrates the potential of the high-speed shutter. Thanks again to the developers and explorers!
dd

edit to add: cropped it a bit to comply with attachment size, now appears the rules have changed......


What mode where you in for that shot? M, or Av set at 3.5?

cheers

Ive had some success with using regular A570is, manual at 1/400 (or close) at f7 for the focus range. internal flash set to low and using an external slaved flash for the actual shot. see pic... blurred wings, unfortunately, but the best possible without the Chdk. Going to re-explore this with the new build!

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Offline dudleydocker

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Re: Whoa! ****MAJOR**** High-Speed Shutter-Speed Discovery!
« Reply #73 on: 04 / December / 2007, 16:59:22 »

Quote

What mode where you in for that shot? M, or Av set at 3.5?


Manual mode.  And you should now be able to synch the internal flash at all shutter speeds, including the new ones!


Quote
Use that hint someone else found, full-press for one shot, then let off to the half-press position. Then you see the subject being exposed at the same speed as will apear on your final image.

Easier said than done for a skitterish hummingbird and MY reflexes.  This bird persistently fed on the opposite side of the feeder from me. When it showed, I shot.  But that is a neat 'feature', especially for stationary subjects.

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Offline n6mod

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Re: Whoa! ****MAJOR**** High-Speed Shutter-Speed Discovery!
« Reply #74 on: 04 / December / 2007, 21:59:54 »
Quote from: Woodsman on 04 / December / 2007, 21:30:59
Well, I think I confirmed it, and it's reproducible. The smaller the f/stop that you use, the higher the shutter-speed that you can use.

Yet another indicator that the shutter and aperture are one and the same, and as you said, consistent with Canon's limitations on fast shutter speeds/large f/stops.

I tried to do some quick testing last night (got wound 'round a different axle, so I didn't have a lot of time).

Basically, I need to do something different for lighting. This makes sense, the Sunny/16 rule @ISO800 gives f/2.8@1/12800, so to play at these exposures, I need something brighter than sunlight. That's a LOT of light. :)

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Offline emu

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Re: Whoa! ****MAJOR**** High-Speed Shutter-Speed Discovery!
« Reply #75 on: 05 / December / 2007, 20:18:58 »
There is an Artist who is doing all the 1/100.000 Highspeed stuff just with a Flash (selfbuild) + normal exposures in a dark studio environment .. don't know his name at the moment
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Offline a710is

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Re: Whoa! ****MAJOR**** High-Speed Shutter-Speed Discovery!
« Reply #76 on: 13 / December / 2007, 03:52:24 »
when are we going to see the cameras choose these shutter speeds by themselves?
I recently took pictures of snowy landscapes in sunny weather and I had to decrease the aperture cause the shutter speed was 1/2000. setting the shutter override manually was not an option.
too bad I didn't have time for tests.
I had Fingalo's build in the camera and as I finally caught a glimpse of the sun, I took a picture of it in one 1/2000 and the other 1/10000 and the overexposed disc on the image was definitely in a different size. both pictures are taken at zoom 6x, the shutter speed is the only change.
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Offline dvornik

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Re: Whoa! ****MAJOR**** High-Speed Shutter-Speed Discovery!
« Reply #77 on: 18 / January / 2008, 17:55:36 »
Quote from: GrAnd on 04 / December / 2007, 02:51:20
It looks like the shortest shutter speed is about 1/15000, because on shorter speeds there is no significant changes nether in sharpness nor in brightness of picture.
Here is the gallery with shots made with shutter speed from 1/2500 to 1/100000.

I think that's about right. I couldn't get any substantial differences in exposure from an a570 above 1/16000. And judging by the hystogram the real speeds are probably closer to 1/10000. I just pointed the camera at the bright sky and compared hystograms to a 1/2000 exposed to be almost blown out (and then using the same aperture while changing values in "override shutter speeds"). So it's not  quite  the speed of  strobes but is definitely better than 1/2000.

For comparison Nikon D200 has max speed of 1/8000 but it can't sync flash above 1/250. 

I used a Metz 28 cs-2 slave flash and it seems to sync most of the time at 1/16000. Not bad for a $150 camera.
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Offline Barney Fife

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Re: Whoa! ****MAJOR**** High-Speed Shutter-Speed Discovery!
« Reply #78 on: 18 / January / 2008, 19:00:57 »
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« Last Edit: 22 / April / 2008, 07:12:35 by Barney Fife »
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Offline fudgey

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Re: Whoa! ****MAJOR**** High-Speed Shutter-Speed Discovery!
« Reply #79 on: 19 / January / 2008, 17:57:08 »
Okay, well, I measured my A570IS a bit.

Here's my summary of shutter speed measurement results using Fingalo/Allbest 1.00e test build 19 at shutter speed override Tv = 1/100k (= 10 us, the fastest setting, the camera is of course slower than that but I attempted to measure the actual shutter time, not changes between Tv settings).

The results are a bit more oriented to the ability to capture motion than the ability to take photos of really bright objects because of the nature of my setup. I.e. if taking photos of a very bright object, the effective shutter time may be significantly faster than listed below, especially if the object doesn't fill the entire picture (and maybe especially if you don't position the object to the center of the photo; I'm going to try to verify that some day).

Wide angle (1x zoom):
F8.0:  45 us (1/23000 s) for 10% image area,  60 us (1/16000 s) for full image area
F2.6: 360 us (1/2800 s) for 10% image area, same for full image area

Full telephoto (4x zoom):
F8.0: 210 us (1/4700 s) for 10% image area, 250 us (1/4000 s) for full image area
F5.5: 320 us (1/3100 s) for 10% image area, 360 us (1/2800 s) for full image area

Canon limits are 1/2000 seconds for F8.0 and 1/1250 seconds for the F5.5 and F2.6 measurements, but I haven't measured how long they actually are. The apertures are the minimum and maximum available aperture for each zoom position on the A570IS (I haven't experimented with CHDK aperture override yet, so if it can be pushed beyond F8.0, a faster shutter speed is to be expected as well).

The accuracy of these results must be taken with a huge grain of salt. Especially the shots taken with 100% image size suffer from significant shutter distortion. This was a "quick" first try to do this.

How did I measure?

I put a uC-controlled LED board with 14 bright red clear-lense LEDs in a dark room (lit only by the LEDs and the camera's display and power LED), programmed it to blink them really really fast, only shining one LED at a time, drawing a rectangle clock-wise and took photos.

Now, for instance, my fastest blink sequence was 77.5 us (5.53 us per LED). If all LEDs are shining in a photo, the shutter time clearly is more than the 77.5 us. If only ten are shining, shutter time would be less, maybe about 55 us.

For an ideal shutter, there should only be a number of bright LEDs and not more than one dim LED next to the first and last bright LED (the LEDs and their control are faster than 300 ns). The shutter is not ideal, and therefore there are more dim LEDs than that in some measurements, sometimes even lonely dim ones which are not next to other bright or dim LEDs.

All measurements were taken from two distances: from up close with the LEDs filling the entire width of the photo (and most of it's height as well), and from a distance with the LEDs only filling the 1/9 (roughly 10%) center part of the display (I used the camera's internal 3x3 grid for positioning).

I used ISO800, mode M, manual focus to approximately the distance of LEDs, took 5 images for each measurement using Canon's serial timer mode. I worked on the hopefully correct assumption that focus would not affect shutter speed.
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