fl_tbl should have the focal length of each zoom step. You can get this from exif. CF_EFL is the constant used to covert to 35mm equivalent (edit: with a constant multiplier, e.g. 10000 to make the calculation in get_effective_focal_length work nicely with integers)
ZSTEP_TABLE_SIZE etc should also match the number of zoom steps.
See
http://chdk.setepontos.com/index.php?topic=6528.0 has a little information. I'm not suggesting using Phils code, just a reference.
If cam_CFAPatter is wrong, DNG will look very very wrong. If DNG looks reasonable, it's fine.
PARAM_FILE_COUNTER is used in generic/shooting.c - remember this is *included* from the platform shooting.c. Same for EXPOSURE_COUNTER. I highly recommend
http://tools.tortoisesvn.net/grepWin.html for finding stuff like this.
These are used for things like numbering the raw files.
aperture_sizes_table should be filled in using exif data, from each zoom step with and without ND filter.